Abstract of the Dissertation

We warmly congratulate Daniel Grimm on successfully defending his dissertation. The dissertation was awarded the highest grade of 1.0 with honors.

Daniel Grimm was a doctoral candidate in the research group of Prof. Dr.-Ing. Eric Sax. His research interests lie particularly in the divisions of cybersecurity for vehicles, machine learning, and automotive software architectures.

In his dissertation, Daniel Grimm demonstrates that cybersecurity for connected vehicles does not end with market launch. His approach combines risk-based monitoring, a knowledge graph in the Vehicle Security Operations Center, and over-the-air response mechanisms to form a foundation for cybersecurity throughout the entire vehicle lifecycle. The knowledge graph links vehicle data with operational context, known risks, and incidents, enabling analysts to quickly assess the threat situation. Over-the-air mechanisms for the immediate containment of security-critical threats complement the holistic monitoring in a targeted manner. The risk analysis and technical implementation of a case study based on ISO/SAE 21434 demonstrate the feasibility of this approach and highlight its potential for the cybersecurity of future vehicles.

We congratulate Daniel Grimm on this outstanding achievement and wish him all the best and continued success in his future professional and personal endeavors.

Publications

2026

Conference Papers

AURORA Networks: Auto-associative Universal Real-Time Outlier Risk Assessment Networks
Zink, M.; Grimm, D.; Sax, E.
2026. Computer Safety, Reliability, and Security. SAFECOMP 2025 Workshops – CoC3CPS, DECSoS, SASSUR, SENSEI, SRToITS, and WAISE, Stockholm, Sweden, September 9, 2025, Proceedings. Ed.: M. Törngren, 499–510, Springer Nature Switzerland. doi:10.1007/978-3-032-02018-5_36

2025

Conference Papers

ARTEMIS - Adaptive Response and Tracking of External Model Inputs in Safety-Critical Systems
Zink, M.; Baumann, D.; Seidel, L.; Grimm, D.; Sax, E.
2025. 2025 IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances in Systems Science and Engineering (RASSE); Singapur, 04.-07.11.2025, 1–7, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). doi:10.1109/RASSE64831.2025.11315407
Paving the Road for Automated Buses in Public Transit: Technologies and Challenges
Haas, Y.; Baumann, D.; Lukezic, N.; Grimm, D.; Seidel, L.; Lüntzel, V.; Kraus, D.; Sax, E.
2025. 2025 9th International Conference on Models and Technologies for Intelligent Transportation Systems (MT-ITS); Luxemburg, 08.-10.09.2025, 1–6, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). doi:10.1109/MT-ITS68460.2025.11223594

2024

Journal Articles

A numerical verification method for multi-class feed-forward neural networks
Grimm, D.; Tollner, D.; Kraus, D.; Török, Á.; Sax, E.; Szalay, Z.
2024. Expert Systems with Applications, 247, Art.-Nr.: 123345. doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2024.123345

Conference Papers

Cyber Situational Awareness in Vehicle Security Operations: Holistic Monitoring and a Data Model
Grimm, D.; Zink, M.; Schindewolf, M.; Sax, E.
2024. 2024 20th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM), 28th-31th October 2024, 1–7, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). doi:10.23919/CNSM62983.2024.10814319
Co-simulate no more: The CARLA V2X Sensor
Grimm, D.; Schindewolf, M.; Kraus, D.; Sax, E.
2024. 2024 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV), Jeju, 2nd-5th July 2024, 2429–2436, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). doi:10.1109/IV55156.2024.10588488
Gap Analysis of ISO/SAE 21434 – Improving the Automotive Cybersecurity Engineering Life Cycle
Grimm, D.; Lautenbach, A.; Almgren, M.; Olovsson, T.; Sax, E.
2024. 2023 IEEE 26th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC), Bilbao, 24th-28th September 2023, 1904 – 1911, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). doi:10.1109/ITSC57777.2023.10422100
Heterogeneous Graph-based Trajectory Prediction using Local Map Context and Social Interactions
Grimm, D.; Zipfl, M.; Hertlein, F.; Naumann, A.; Luettin, J.; Thoma, S.; Schmid, S.; Halilaj, L.; Rettinger, A.; Zöllner, J. M.
2024. 2023 IEEE 26th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC), Bilbao, 24th -28th September 2023, 2901 – 2907, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). doi:10.1109/ITSC57777.2023.10422462

2023

Conference Papers

A Model-Based Approach to Automotive Feature Development for Updates and Upgrades
Schindewolf, M.; Wittler, J. W.; Kühn, T.; Grimm, D.; Sax, E.
2023. 2023 IEEE International Conference on Service-Oriented System Engineering (SOSE), 19–26, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). doi:10.1109/SOSE58276.2023.00009
Holistic Graph-based Motion Prediction
Grimm, D.; Schörner, P.; Dreßler, M.; Zöllner, J.-M.
2023. 2023 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), 29th May - 02nd June 2023, London, 2965 – 2972, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). doi:10.1109/ICRA48891.2023.10161468
Adaptive Cybersecurity Monitoring for Resilient Vehicular Architectures
Grimm, D.; Zink, M.; Schindewolf, M.; Sax, E.
2023. 2023 IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC), 41–48, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). doi:10.1109/VNC57357.2023.10136321
Fleet in the Loop: An Open Source approach for design and test of resilient vehicle architectures
Grimm, D.; Schindewolf, M.; Sax, E.
2023. 2023 IEEE 15th International Symposium on Autonomous Decentralized System (ISADS), 1–8, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). doi:10.1109/ISADS56919.2023.10092108

2022

Journal Articles

Generic Patterns for Intrusion Detection Systems in Service-Oriented Automotive and Medical Architectures
Puder, A.; Rumez, M.; Grimm, D.; Sax, E.
2022. Journal of cybersecurity and privacy, 2 (3), 731–749. doi:10.3390/jcp2030037

Conference Papers

Toward a Resilient Automotive Service-Oriented Architecture by using Dynamic Orchestration
Schindewolf, M.; Grimm, D.; Lingor, C.; Sax, E.
2022. 2022 IEEE 1st International Conference on Cognitive Mobility (CogMob), 147–154, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). doi:10.1109/CogMob55547.2022.10118016
Context-aware vehicle and fleet security combining a Knowledge Graph and an object-oriented model
Grimm, D.; Sax, E.
2022. 2022 International Conference on Connected Vehicle and Expo (ICCVE), 7th - 9th March 2022, Lakeland, FL, USA, 1–8, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). doi:10.1109/ICCVE52871.2022.9742971

2021

Journal Articles

Context-aware Security for Vehicles and Fleets: A Survey
Grimm, D.; Stang, M.; Sax, E.
2021. IEEE Access, 9, 101809–101846. doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3097146

Conference Papers

Dynamic Reconfiguration of Automotive Architectures Using a Novel Plug-and-Play Approach
Stoll, H.; Grimm, D.; Schindewolf, M.; Brodatzki, M.; Sax, E.
2021. 2021 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium Workshops (IV Workshops) 2021 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium Workshops (IV Workshops), Nagoya, Japan, 11-17 July 2021, 70–75, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). doi:10.1109/IVWorkshops54471.2021.9669222

2020

Book Chapters

Network Security Monitoring in Automotive Domain
Grimm, D.; Pistorius, F.; Sax, E.
2020. Advances in Information and Communication – Proceedings of the 2020 Future of Information and Communication Conference (FICC), Volume 1. Ed.: K. Arai, 782–799, Springer International Publishing. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-39445-5_57

Journal Articles

An Overview of Automotive Service-Oriented Architectures and Implications for Security Countermeasures
Rumez, M.; Grimm, D.; Kriesten, R.; Sax, E.
2020. IEEE access, 8, 221852–221870. doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3043070

Conference Papers

Flow-based Aggregation of CAN Frames with Compressed Payload
Grimm, D.; Leiner, S.; Sommer, M.; Pistorius, F.; Sax, E.
2020. 2020 IEEE International Conference on Smart Computing (SMARTCOMP); Online, 14.-17.09.2020, 202–207, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). doi:10.1109/SMARTCOMP50058.2020.00046
Evaluation Matrix for Smart Machine-Learning Algorithm Choice
Pistorius, F.; Grimm, D.; Erdosi, F.; Sax, E.
2020. 2020 1st International Conference on Big Data Analytics and Practices (IBDAP); Bangkok, Thailand, 25.-26.09.2020, 1–6, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). doi:10.1109/IBDAP50342.2020.9245610
Evaluation of Deep Reinforcement Learning Algorithms for Autonomous Driving
Stang, M.; Grimm, D.; Gaiser, M.; Sax, E.
2020. 2020 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV), 19 October - 13 November 2020, online, 1576–1582, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). doi:10.1109/IV47402.2020.9304792
QUA³CK - A Machine Learning Development Process
Stock, S. C.; Becker, J.; Grimm, D.; Hotfilter, T.; Molinar, G.; Stang, M.; Stork, W.
2020. Proceedings of Artificial Intelligence for Science, Industry and Society — PoS(AISIS2019), 026, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA). doi:10.22323/1.372.0026
Development Processes in Automotive Service-oriented Architectures
Vetter, A.; Obergfell, P.; Guissouma, H.; Grimm, D.; Rumez, M.; Sax, E.
2020. 9th Mediterranean Conference on Embedded Computing (MECO), 1–7, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). doi:10.1109/MECO49872.2020.9134175
FEEDI - A Smart Wearable Foot-Band for Navigation and Guidance Using Haptic Feedback
Stock, S.; Bertemes, A.; Stang, M.; Böhme, M.; Grimm, D.; Stork, W.
2020. Human Interaction, Emerging Technologies and Future Applications II : Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies: Future Applications (IHIET – AI 2020), April 23-25, 2020, Lausanne, Switzerland. Ed.: T. Ahram, 349–355, Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44267-5_52

2019

Presentations

The QUA³CK Machine Learning Development Process and the Laboratory for Applied Machine Learning Approaches (LAMA)
Becker, J.; Grimm, D.; Hotfilter, T.; Meier, C.; Molinar, G.; Stang, M.; Stock, S.; Stork, W.
2019, October 22. Symposium Artificial Intelligence for Science, Industry and Society (AISIS 2019), Mexico City, Mexico, October 20–December 25, 2019

2018

Conference Papers

An extended hybrid anomaly detection system for automotive electronic control units communicating via ethernet efficient and effective analysis using a specification- and machine learning-based approach
Grimm, D.; Weber, M.; Sax, E.
2018. 4th International Conference on Vehicle Technology and Intelligent Transport Systems, VEHITS 2018; Funchal, Madeira; Portugal; 16 March 2018 through 18 March 2018, 462–473, SciTePress
An Extended Hybrid Anomaly Detection System for Automotive Electronic Control Units Communicating via Ethernet - Efficient and Effective Analysis using a Specification- and Machine Learning-based Approach
Grimm, D.; Weber, M.; Sax, E.
2018. 4th International Conference on Vehicle Technology and Intelligent Transport Systems, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal, 16–18 March 2018, 462–473, SciTePress. doi:10.5220/0006779204620473