Summary of the dissertation
The dissertation develops a systematic approach to extend vehicle E/E architectures with cloud-based, controlling software functions and evaluates both the suitability of various vehicle functions and suitable deployment models. HVAC control, for which a cloud-based MPC is implemented and practically validated in two variants - cloud only and fallback - proves to be particularly suitable. The results show energy savings of up to 11% and reliable comfort, with the fallback model being more robust against disconnections. Overall, the work demonstrates the technical feasibility and benefits of the control-over-the-air approach as well as its potential for efficiency, maintainability and scalability.
We are very pleased about this strong scientific achievement and wish Martin all the best for his future career!
Publications
2026
PhD Theses
Control-over-the-Air: Verteilte Regelungen durch cloudbasierte Fahrzeugfunktionen. PhD dissertation
Sommer, M.
2026, February 18. Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT). doi:10.5445/IR/1000190618
Sommer, M.
2026, February 18. Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT). doi:10.5445/IR/1000190618
2025
Conference Papers
Control-over-the-air (COTA) for automotive comfort functions
Sommer, M.; Seidel, L.; Sax, E.
2025. 2025 11th International Conference on Control, Decision and Information Technologies (CoDIT), 1945–1950, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). doi:10.1109/CoDIT66093.2025.11321710
Sommer, M.; Seidel, L.; Sax, E.
2025. 2025 11th International Conference on Control, Decision and Information Technologies (CoDIT), 1945–1950, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). doi:10.1109/CoDIT66093.2025.11321710
Directives for Function Offloading in 5G Networks Based on a Performance Characteristics Analysis
Dettinger, F.; Weiß, M.; Weyrich, M.; Baumann, D.; Sommer, M.
2025. 2025 IEEE International Automated Vehicle Validation Conference (IAVVC); Baden-Baden, 30.09.-02.10.2025, 1–8, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). doi:10.1109/IAVVC61942.2025.11219471
Dettinger, F.; Weiß, M.; Weyrich, M.; Baumann, D.; Sommer, M.
2025. 2025 IEEE International Automated Vehicle Validation Conference (IAVVC); Baden-Baden, 30.09.-02.10.2025, 1–8, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). doi:10.1109/IAVVC61942.2025.11219471
Vehicle Function Offloading: Finding the Optimal Cloud/Edge Application Model (OptiCAM)
Ruhnau, J.; Sommer, M.; Dettinger, F.; Kraus, D.; Becker, S.; Sax, E.; Weyrich, M.
2025. Advances in Information and Communication : Proceedings of the 2025 Future of Information and Communication Conference (FICC). Vol.: 1. Ed.: A. Kohei, 556–571, Springer Nature Switzerland. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-84457-7_34
Ruhnau, J.; Sommer, M.; Dettinger, F.; Kraus, D.; Becker, S.; Sax, E.; Weyrich, M.
2025. Advances in Information and Communication : Proceedings of the 2025 Future of Information and Communication Conference (FICC). Vol.: 1. Ed.: A. Kohei, 556–571, Springer Nature Switzerland. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-84457-7_34
An Orchestrator for the Dynamic Extension of Automotive E/E Architectures to the Cloud
Sommer, M.; Guissouma, H.; Schindewolf, M.; Sax, E.
2025. Service-Oriented Computing – 18th Symposium and Summer School, Summer (SOC) 2024, Crete, Greece, June 24–29, 2024, Revised Selected Papers. Ed.: M. Aiello, 24–41, Springer Nature Switzerland. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-72578-4_2
Sommer, M.; Guissouma, H.; Schindewolf, M.; Sax, E.
2025. Service-Oriented Computing – 18th Symposium and Summer School, Summer (SOC) 2024, Crete, Greece, June 24–29, 2024, Revised Selected Papers. Ed.: M. Aiello, 24–41, Springer Nature Switzerland. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-72578-4_2
2024
Book Chapters
Process for the Identification of Vehicle Functions for Cloud Offloading
Sommer, M.; Baumann, D.; Rösch, T.; Dettinger, F.; Sax, E.; Weyrich, M.
2024. Intelligent Computing : Proceedings of the 2024 Computing Conference, Volume 2, 596–608, Springer Nature Switzerland. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-62277-9_38
Sommer, M.; Baumann, D.; Rösch, T.; Dettinger, F.; Sax, E.; Weyrich, M.
2024. Intelligent Computing : Proceedings of the 2024 Computing Conference, Volume 2, 596–608, Springer Nature Switzerland. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-62277-9_38
Journal Articles
Improving the Validation of Automotive Self-Learning Systems through the Synergy of Scenario-Based Testing and Metamorphic Relations
Stang, M.; Sommer, M.; Kraus, D.; Sax, E.
2024. ACM / IMS Journal of Data Science (JDS), 37 (4), Article no: 111. doi:10.1145/3632366.3632383
Stang, M.; Sommer, M.; Kraus, D.; Sax, E.
2024. ACM / IMS Journal of Data Science (JDS), 37 (4), Article no: 111. doi:10.1145/3632366.3632383
Conference Papers
Total Cost of Ownership: Cloud-based vs. Onboard Vehicle Software Components
Baumann, D.; Sommer, M.; Sax, E.; Dettinger, F.; Weyrich, M.
2024. The 1st International Conference on Systems Scalability and Expandability, 6 S., International Academy, Research, and Industry Association (IARIA)
Baumann, D.; Sommer, M.; Sax, E.; Dettinger, F.; Weyrich, M.
2024. The 1st International Conference on Systems Scalability and Expandability, 6 S., International Academy, Research, and Industry Association (IARIA)
Connected Vehicle: Ontology, Taxonomy and Use Cases
Baumann, D.; Sommer, M.; Dettinger, F.; Rösch, T.; Weyrich, M.; Sax, E.
2024. 2024 IEEE International Systems Conference (SysCon), Montreal, 15th - 18th April 2024, 1–6, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). doi:10.1109/SysCon61195.2024.10553586
Baumann, D.; Sommer, M.; Dettinger, F.; Rösch, T.; Weyrich, M.; Sax, E.
2024. 2024 IEEE International Systems Conference (SysCon), Montreal, 15th - 18th April 2024, 1–6, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). doi:10.1109/SysCon61195.2024.10553586
2023
Conference Papers
Modularized Platform for an Embedded Systems Case Study: Concept and Design
Lüntzel, V.; Schade, F.; Sommer, M.; Sax, E.
2023. Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies (IHIET 2023) : Artificial Intelligence and Future Applications. Ed.: T. Ahram, AHFE International. doi:10.54941/ahfe1004092
Lüntzel, V.; Schade, F.; Sommer, M.; Sax, E.
2023. Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies (IHIET 2023) : Artificial Intelligence and Future Applications. Ed.: T. Ahram, AHFE International. doi:10.54941/ahfe1004092
Fleet data used for self-learning functions in commercial vehicles
Sommer, M.; Sax, E.; Rösch, T.
2023. Commercial Vehicles 2023, Baden-Baden, 14th - 15th June 2023, 81 – 92, VDI Verlag. doi:10.51202/9783181024171-81
Sommer, M.; Sax, E.; Rösch, T.
2023. Commercial Vehicles 2023, Baden-Baden, 14th - 15th June 2023, 81 – 92, VDI Verlag. doi:10.51202/9783181024171-81
Multi-layer Approach for Energy Consumption Optimization in Electric Buses
Rösch, T.; Raghuraman, S.; Sommer, M.; Junk, C.; Baumann, D.; Sax, E.
2023. 2023 IEEE 97th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2023-Spring), 1–6, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). doi:10.1109/VTC2023-Spring57618.2023.10199518
Rösch, T.; Raghuraman, S.; Sommer, M.; Junk, C.; Baumann, D.; Sax, E.
2023. 2023 IEEE 97th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2023-Spring), 1–6, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). doi:10.1109/VTC2023-Spring57618.2023.10199518
Ontology for Vehicle Function Distribution
Ruhnau, J.; Sommer, M.; Henle, J.; Walz, A.; Becker, S.; Sax, E.
2023. 2023 IEEE International Systems Conference (SysCon), Vancouver, Canada, 17-20 April 2023, 1–6, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). doi:10.1109/SysCon53073.2023.10131097
Ruhnau, J.; Sommer, M.; Henle, J.; Walz, A.; Becker, S.; Sax, E.
2023. 2023 IEEE International Systems Conference (SysCon), Vancouver, Canada, 17-20 April 2023, 1–6, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). doi:10.1109/SysCon53073.2023.10131097
Fleet data used for self-learning functions in commercial vehicles
Sommer, M.; Rösch, T.; Sax, E.
2023. 17th International Conference Commercial Vehicles 2023, 81–91, VDI Verlag
Sommer, M.; Rösch, T.; Sax, E.
2023. 17th International Conference Commercial Vehicles 2023, 81–91, VDI Verlag
2022
Conference Papers
Adaptive application development and integration process for modern automotive software
Rösch, T.; Sommer, M.; Sax, E.
2022. ICCTA ’22: Proceedings of the 2022 8th International Conference on Computer Technology Applications, 85–90, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). doi:10.1145/3543712.3543718
Rösch, T.; Sommer, M.; Sax, E.
2022. ICCTA ’22: Proceedings of the 2022 8th International Conference on Computer Technology Applications, 85–90, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). doi:10.1145/3543712.3543718
Use of Deep Learning Methods for People Counting in Public Transport
Baumann, D.; Sommer, M.; Schrempp, Y.; Sax, E.
2022. 2022 International Conference on Connected Vehicle and Expo (ICCVE), Lakeland, FL, March 7-9, 2022, 1–6, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). doi:10.1109/ICCVE52871.2022.9742924
Baumann, D.; Sommer, M.; Schrempp, Y.; Sax, E.
2022. 2022 International Conference on Connected Vehicle and Expo (ICCVE), Lakeland, FL, March 7-9, 2022, 1–6, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). doi:10.1109/ICCVE52871.2022.9742924
2021
Book Chapters
Automated and networked city buses – Optimized, demand-oriented service through intelligent use of data
Rossel, N.; Sommer, M.; Sax, E.
2021. GmbH, VDI Wissensforum (Ed.), Commercial Vehicles 2021 : truck, bus, van, trailor : 16th International Conference, September 7 - 8, 2021, Linz, Austria, 215–228, VDI Verlag. doi:10.51202/9783181023808-215
Rossel, N.; Sommer, M.; Sax, E.
2021. GmbH, VDI Wissensforum (Ed.), Commercial Vehicles 2021 : truck, bus, van, trailor : 16th International Conference, September 7 - 8, 2021, Linz, Austria, 215–228, VDI Verlag. doi:10.51202/9783181023808-215
Conference Papers
Model Predictive HVAC Control with disturbance variable forecasting for city buses
Sommer, M.; Sax, E.; Rösch, T.
2021. 2021 International Conference on Electrical, Computer, Communications and Mechatronics Engineering (ICECCME) Mauritius, Mauritius, 7-8 Oct. 2021, 1–7, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). doi:10.1109/ICECCME52200.2021.9591111
Sommer, M.; Sax, E.; Rösch, T.
2021. 2021 International Conference on Electrical, Computer, Communications and Mechatronics Engineering (ICECCME) Mauritius, Mauritius, 7-8 Oct. 2021, 1–7, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). doi:10.1109/ICECCME52200.2021.9591111
Intelligent Control of HVAC Systems in Electric Buses
Sommer, M.; Junk, C.; Rösch, T.; Sax, E.
2021. Human Interaction, Emerging Technologies and Future Applications IV : Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies: Future Applications (IHIET – AI 2021), April 28-30, 2021, Strasbourg, France. Ed.: T. Ahram, 68–75, Springer International Publishing. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-74009-2_9
Sommer, M.; Junk, C.; Rösch, T.; Sax, E.
2021. Human Interaction, Emerging Technologies and Future Applications IV : Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies: Future Applications (IHIET – AI 2021), April 28-30, 2021, Strasbourg, France. Ed.: T. Ahram, 68–75, Springer International Publishing. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-74009-2_9
2020
Book Chapters
Adaptive Customized Forward Collision Warning System Through Driver Monitoring
Stang, M.; Sommer, M.; Baumann, D.; Zijia, Y.; Sax, E.
2020. Proceedings of the Future Technologies Conference (FTC) 2020, Volume 2. Ed.: K. Arai, 757–772, Springer International Publishing. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-63089-8_50
Stang, M.; Sommer, M.; Baumann, D.; Zijia, Y.; Sax, E.
2020. Proceedings of the Future Technologies Conference (FTC) 2020, Volume 2. Ed.: K. Arai, 757–772, Springer International Publishing. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-63089-8_50
Conference Papers
Flow-based Aggregation of CAN Frames with Compressed Payload
Grimm, D.; Leiner, S.; Sommer, M.; Pistorius, F.; Sax, E.
2020. 2020 IEEE International Conference on Smart Computing (SMARTCOMP); Online, 14.-17.09.2020, 202–207, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). doi:10.1109/SMARTCOMP50058.2020.00046
Grimm, D.; Leiner, S.; Sommer, M.; Pistorius, F.; Sax, E.
2020. 2020 IEEE International Conference on Smart Computing (SMARTCOMP); Online, 14.-17.09.2020, 202–207, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). doi:10.1109/SMARTCOMP50058.2020.00046
TalkyCars: A Distributed Software Platform for Cooperative Perception among Connected Autonomous Vehicles based on Cellular-V2X Communication
Sommer, M.; Stang, M.; Muetsch. Ferdinand; Sax, E.
2020. IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, October 19 - November 13, 2020, (Virtual) Las Vegas, NV
Sommer, M.; Stang, M.; Muetsch. Ferdinand; Sax, E.
2020. IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, October 19 - November 13, 2020, (Virtual) Las Vegas, NV
Evolutionary Algorithms to Generate Test Cases for Safety and IT-Security in Automotive Systems
Lauber, A.; Sommer, M.; Fuchs, M.; Sax, E.
2020. SYSCON 2020 : the 14th Annual IEEE International Systems Conference : August 24-27, 2020, virtual conference : 2020 conference proceedings, Art.Nr. 09275836, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). doi:10.1109/SysCon47679.2020.9275836
Lauber, A.; Sommer, M.; Fuchs, M.; Sax, E.
2020. SYSCON 2020 : the 14th Annual IEEE International Systems Conference : August 24-27, 2020, virtual conference : 2020 conference proceedings, Art.Nr. 09275836, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). doi:10.1109/SysCon47679.2020.9275836
FEEDI - A Smart Wearable Foot-Band for Navigation and Guidance Using Haptic Feedback
Stock, S.; Bertemes, A.; Stang, M.; Böhme, M.; Grimm, D.; Stork, W.
2020. Human Interaction, Emerging Technologies and Future Applications II : Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies: Future Applications (IHIET – AI 2020), April 23-25, 2020, Lausanne, Switzerland. Ed.: T. Ahram, 349–355, Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44267-5_52
Stock, S.; Bertemes, A.; Stang, M.; Böhme, M.; Grimm, D.; Stork, W.
2020. Human Interaction, Emerging Technologies and Future Applications II : Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies: Future Applications (IHIET – AI 2020), April 23-25, 2020, Lausanne, Switzerland. Ed.: T. Ahram, 349–355, Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44267-5_52
Using Machine Learning to Optimize Energy Consumption of HVAC Systems in Vehicles
Böhme, M.; Lauber, A.; Stang, M.; Pan, L.; Sax, E.
2020. Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies. Ed.: T. Ahram, 706–712, Springer International Publishing. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-25629-6_110
Böhme, M.; Lauber, A.; Stang, M.; Pan, L.; Sax, E.
2020. Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies. Ed.: T. Ahram, 706–712, Springer International Publishing. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-25629-6_110
2019
Conference Papers
Applied Machine Learning: Reconstruction of Spectral Data for the Classification of Oil-Quality Levels
Stang, M.; Böhme, M.; Sax, E.
2019. 5th International Conference on Research in Engineering, Technology and Science (ICRETS 2019), Lissabon, P, February 3-7, 2019, 1–13, ISRES Publishing
Stang, M.; Böhme, M.; Sax, E.
2019. 5th International Conference on Research in Engineering, Technology and Science (ICRETS 2019), Lissabon, P, February 3-7, 2019, 1–13, ISRES Publishing