- S. Werner, A. Lauber, M. Koedam, J. Becker, E. Sax, K. Goossens
Cloud-based Design and Virtual Prototyping Environment for Embedded Systems
In International Journal of Online Engineering (iJOE), S. 52-60, 2016
Zusammenfassung:
The design and test of Multi-Processor System-on-Chips (MPSoCs) and development of distributed applications and/or operating systems executed on those hardware platforms is one of the biggest challenges in today’s system design. This applies
in particular when short time-to-market constraints impose serious limitations on the exploration of the design space. The use of virtual platforms can help in decreasing the development and test cycles. In this paper, we present a cloud-based environment supporting the user in designing heterogeneous MPSoCs and developing distributed applications. Therefore, the design environment generates virtual platforms automatically allowing fast prototyping cycles especially in the software development process, and exports the design to a hardware flow synthesizing compatible FPGA designs. Due to the ABI compatibility of the virtual and the physical system the software developed and compiled in the design environment can be used on both platforms without modifications. The extension of the peripheral models
with debug information supports the developer during test and debug cycles and avoids the need of adding special debug codes in the application. This improves the readability, portability and maintainability of produced software. Additionally, this paper presents the benefits of using cloud-based design environments in engineers’ trainings and educations. Therefore, the framework supports testing the system including complex software stacks with prerecorded data or testbenches. Besides this, the presented design environment has a user management system which allows to
specify different roles allowing the owner of one project to restrict visibility and access rights to particular parts of the design flow. This allows to generate and provide example projects for training purposes.
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- C. Tradowsky, A. Lauber, S. Werner, T. Beuth, K. D. Mueller-Glaser, E. Sax
Porter for the ITIV LABS – Objective-Related Engineering Education in an Undergraduate Laboratory
In Journal of Teaching and Education, Band 4, S. 45–58, 2015
Zusammenfassung:
This work presents a novel objective-related laboratory for engineering bachelor students where the students have to manage a customer project and develop the hardware-related modules with teamwork. The lecturers are the customers representing a fictitious company, providing the students with the specification with the task to complete the whole project. The students have to create the project plan with milestones and the module specification to meet the customer’s project specification. On specific dates according to the defined project plan the customer checks the milestones defined in the project specification. Afterwards, the students have to build the hardware-related modules to control a self-balancing human transportation vehicle. These modules have to be tested on a student owned hardware platform before flashing the complete program to actual transportation vehicle. At the end by test-driving the vehicle the students show the functionality of their programed code and the successful completion of the laboratory. For monitoring the group performance and educational progress during the course of the laboratory peer-reviews are done on a regular basis. During the course of the laboratory specifically trained student tutors provide the students with technical support und additional hints for managing their tasks to enhance the students’ qualifications as defined in the laboratory’s objectives. A test finalizes the laboratory. After a first successful completion the evaluation of the laboratory is compared to its predecessor. As a result, the students rated the educational quality index of this new laboratory to 100.
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- F. Bapp, J. Becker, J. Beyerer, J. Doll, M. Filsinger, Ch. Frese, Ch. Hubschneider, A. Lauber, J. Müller-Quade, M. Pauli, M. Roschani, O. Salscheider, B. Rosenhahn, M. Ruf, Ch. Stiller, D. Willersinn, J. R. Ziehn
A Non-Invasive Cyberrisk in Cooperative Driving
In , 2017
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- S. Ilahi, S. Ellwanger, A. Lauber, E. Sax
Video Transmission for Autonomous Truck Platoons using WLAN Broadcast
In 12th ITS European Congress, 2017
Zusammenfassung:
In a bid to improve economic growth, welfare and safety on highways, the Netherlands has called on number of European Union (EU) states to start implementing innovative ideas for fully autonomous truck platoons which will improve safety, environment and fuel efficiency. As a safety requirement, leading truck must transmit a video stream from front mounted camera to the following trucks. This paper proposes a video broadcast system for this high bandwidth application. Instead of consuming IEEE 802.11p channel, a video stream is broadcasted on publicly available Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). This system allows multiple receivers to process the stream without a need of intermediate nodes for multi-hop architecture or ground infrastructure. The system is tested on Stuttgart’s highways, therefore real world results of video quality and time delays are given.
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Zusammenfassung:
In a bid to improve economic growth, welfare and safety on highways, the Netherlands has called on number of European Union (EU) states to start implementing innovative ideas for fully autonomous truck platoons which will improve safety, environment and fuel efficiency. As a safety requirement, leading truck must transmit a video stream from front mounted camera to the following trucks. This paper proposes a video broadcast system for this high bandwidth application. Instead of consuming IEEE 802.11p channel, a video stream is broadcasted on publicly available Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). This system allows multiple receivers to process the stream without a need of intermediate nodes for multi-hop architecture or ground infrastructure. The system is tested on Stuttgart’s highways, therefore real world results of video quality and time delays are given.
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- A. Lauber, E. Sax
Testing Security of Embedded Software through Virtual Processor Instrumentation
In International Conference on Remote Engineering and Virtual Instrumentation (REV), S. 996-1005, 2017
Zusammenfassung:
More and more functionality that demands remote access on a vehicle is in-tegrated into modern cars. Fleet management, infotainment, updates-over-the-air and the upcoming functionality for autonomous driving need gate-ways that enable a car-2-x communication. Misuse is a threat. Consequently, security mechanisms play an increasing important role. But how can we show and prove the effectiveness of these security functions?
Therefore, in this paper we will show an approach to test security aspects, based on virtual instrumentation. The approach is to use a framework that executes the application under development on a virtual model of the target micro controller. An interception library generates scenarios systematically, whereas the effects on registers and memory are monitored. We are inter-cepting the running software at vulnerable functions and variables to detect potential malfunctions. This will detect security vulnerabilities of all internal failure even if no malicious behavior at the interfaces occur.
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Zusammenfassung:
More and more functionality that demands remote access on a vehicle is in-tegrated into modern cars. Fleet management, infotainment, updates-over-the-air and the upcoming functionality for autonomous driving need gate-ways that enable a car-2-x communication. Misuse is a threat. Consequently, security mechanisms play an increasing important role. But how can we show and prove the effectiveness of these security functions?
Therefore, in this paper we will show an approach to test security aspects, based on virtual instrumentation. The approach is to use a framework that executes the application under development on a virtual model of the target micro controller. An interception library generates scenarios systematically, whereas the effects on registers and memory are monitored. We are inter-cepting the running software at vulnerable functions and variables to detect potential malfunctions. This will detect security vulnerabilities of all internal failure even if no malicious behavior at the interfaces occur.
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- F. Pistorius, A. Lauber, J. Pfau, A. Klimm, J. Becker
Development of a latency optimized communication device for WAVE and SAE based V2X-Applications
In SAE 2016 World Congress and Exhibition, 2016
Zusammenfassung:
Various algorithms such as emergency brake or crash warning using V2X communication have been published recently. For such systems hard real-time constraints have to be satisfied. Therefore latency needs to be minimized to keep the message processing delay below a certain threshold. Existing V2X systems based on the IEEE 1609 and SAE J2735 standards implement most message processing in software. This means the latency of these systems strongly depends on the CPU load as well as the number of incoming messages per time. According to safety constraints all messages of nearby vehicles have to be processed, whereby no prediction of the message importance can be given without analyzing the message content.
Regarding the aforementioned requirements we propose a novel architecture that optimizes latency to satisfy the hard real-time constraints for V2X messages. The novel concept defines latencies of the standards that are safety critical for V2X communication and provides mechanisms to reduce the load of the V2X application processing unit (V2X-APU). The concept supports filtering of messages based on position and direction (GeoCast) to reduce the amount of relevant messages. The concept was implemented with dedicated hardware accelerators to support the V2X-APU. This hardware implementation optimizes the data-flow to minimize the latencies in the V2X communication unit.
We showed that latencies, processing times and CPU load can be minimized for V2X communication. An evaluation of the results shows that our concept can provide guaranteed small message latencies even in worst case conditions, allowing safety algorithms to work effectively and reliably.
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Zusammenfassung:
Various algorithms such as emergency brake or crash warning using V2X communication have been published recently. For such systems hard real-time constraints have to be satisfied. Therefore latency needs to be minimized to keep the message processing delay below a certain threshold. Existing V2X systems based on the IEEE 1609 and SAE J2735 standards implement most message processing in software. This means the latency of these systems strongly depends on the CPU load as well as the number of incoming messages per time. According to safety constraints all messages of nearby vehicles have to be processed, whereby no prediction of the message importance can be given without analyzing the message content.
Regarding the aforementioned requirements we propose a novel architecture that optimizes latency to satisfy the hard real-time constraints for V2X messages. The novel concept defines latencies of the standards that are safety critical for V2X communication and provides mechanisms to reduce the load of the V2X application processing unit (V2X-APU). The concept supports filtering of messages based on position and direction (GeoCast) to reduce the amount of relevant messages. The concept was implemented with dedicated hardware accelerators to support the V2X-APU. This hardware implementation optimizes the data-flow to minimize the latencies in the V2X communication unit.
We showed that latencies, processing times and CPU load can be minimized for V2X communication. An evaluation of the results shows that our concept can provide guaranteed small message latencies even in worst case conditions, allowing safety algorithms to work effectively and reliably.
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